医学书籍介绍

blood groups and red cell antigens

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   每个人都有不同的外形体态，这是你所能见到的。在你的身体内部，也有你自已独特的类型，那就是血型。

   血型由抗原决定，抗原则分布在红细胞的表面。这些抗原有不同的 外部形态，它们是细胞表面的糖或者大的蛋白分子，就是它们构成了红细胞的表面膜。有或没有某一个成份，形成了不同的血型。许多血型有数百个抗原。

  日常生活中，很少有人涉及血型的事，即便这种血型是罕见的。但在两人的血要混合时，血型显得十分重要。如在输血时，如果一个受血时，血型与自已的血型不同，他或她的免疫系统会攻击并破坏新输进体内的血细胞。

  jerrydoctor:这本更象是对年轻医生科普读物。我读来很有趣，介绍给大家。

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JERRYDOCTOR:在线效果好些！

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Author: Laura Dean Copy Editor: Belinda Beck Graphic Design: Todd Groesbeck   

     People come in all different shapes and sizes. There are also differences you can't see, such as their types of blood.

    Blood type is determined by markers (antigens) that are scattered across the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens take a variety of different forms: they may be sugars that project above the cell surface, or they may be large proteins that form an important part of the RBC membrane. The presence and absence of these antigens make the blood from different people, different. And there are many types of blood because there are hundreds of antigens.

   Rarely does a person's blood type matter in everyday life, even their blood type is uncommon or rare. Blood type only becomes significant when the blood from two people mix, e.g., during a blood transfusion. If a person recieves RBCs that have antigens different to their own, his or her immune system may attack and destroy the transfused cells.

    Therefore, before a blood transfusion, a person's blood type is determined. Serologically, this is done by testing for antibodies which are formed against antigens that are missing from the person's own RBCs. In other words, a person's blood type is determined by the antigens they lack. A complementary test can be used to determine a person's blood type by the antigens he or she produces, and the answer to which antigens are produced lies in the DNA. A person's DNA directly encodes the protein blood group antigens and indirectly encodes the sugar antigens by encoding the enzymes that produce them. By combining serological tests with a person's genotype, we can define a person's blood type more accurately and quickly

    The database of red blood cells (dbRBC) , is a new resource from the NCBI. It contains information about blood, including clinical data about different blood groups and stores DNA sequences which encode different blood group antigens.

Acknowledgments

1. Blood and the cells it contains

2. Blood group antigens are surface markers on the red

        blood cell membrane

3. Blood transfusions and the immune system

4. Hemolytic disease of the newborn

5. The ABO blood group

6. The Hh blood group

7. The Rh blood group

8. The Kell blood group

9. The Duffy blood group

10. The Kidd blood group

11. The Diego blood group

12. The MNS blood group

Download "Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens" for your handheld computer(下载PDA版本阅读).

　

Dr. Laura Dean is a Visiting Research Fellow at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), which is part of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Laura graduated as a medical doctor from the University of Cambridge in 2000. Since that time she has completed a medical and surgical rotation in the UK and written two textbooks ("The Genetic Landscape of Diabetes" and "Blood Groups and Red Cell Antigens") and over 20 online articles for the NCBI.