致命的睡眠问题

关于：呼吸暂停		呼吸暂停造成睡眠中死亡华盛顿（路透社消息）－那些在睡眠中死去的人可能是因呼吸停止造成大量脑细胞损伤而致。呼吸暂停--患者在他们的睡眠中因长时间的呼吸停止的一种状况。这种状况有时可以造成脑干细胞的破坏，此区的脑细胞的主管呼吸功能。鼠试验证明：随衰老而造成的关键脑干细胞的损伤可导致这样的危害性睡眠，最终，动物能完全地停止呼吸。同样的事情也发生在老年人中间，在 Los Angeles的California大学中的神经生物学家 Jack Feldman 如是说。我们试图揭示其机制，它常影响65岁以上的老人。不同于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（当呼吸道被阻塞时呼吸停止），中枢性睡眠暂停是由脑细胞发出的错误的信号所触。。。。。

呼吸暂停造成睡眠中死亡相关链接： sleep apnea		'Dying in sleep' linked to sleep apnea - study WASHINGTON (Reuters) - People who die in their sleep may stop breathing because they have lost too many brain cells, U.S. researchers reported on Monday. Sleep apnea -- a condition in which people stop breathing for long stretches of time in their sleep -- may sometimes be caused by the destruction of cells in the brain stem, where autonomic functions such as breathing are controlled, they said. Tests on rats showed that the loss of key brain stem cells that die off with age caused such disrupted sleep that the animals eventually stopped breathing completely. The same thing may be happening in elderly people, said neurobiologist Jack Feldman of the University of California Los Angeles. "We wanted to reveal the mechanism behind central sleep apnea, which most commonly affects people after age 65," Feldman said in a statement. "Unlike obstructive sleep apnea, in which a person stops breathing when their airway collapses, central sleep apnea is triggered by something going awry in the brain's breathing center." Writing in this week's issue of Nature Neuroscience, Feldman and colleagues said they deliberately killed brain cells in the pre-Boetzinger complex of the brains of rats -- a region believed to be the "command post" for breathing in mammals. Then they monitored the rats' breathing. "We were surprised to see that breathing completely stopped when the rat entered REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, forcing the rat to wake up in order to start breathing again," said Leanne McKay, who worked on the study. "Over time, the breathing lapses increased in severity, spreading into non-REM sleep and eventually occurring when the rats were awake, as well." Feldman believes the same thing could be happening in elderly people, especially those with degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, which are marked by disturbed sleep. "Our research suggests that the pre-Boetzinger complex contains a fixed number of neurons that we lose as we age," Feldman said. "We speculate that our brains can compensate for up to a 60 percent loss of pre-Boetzinger cells, but the cumulative deficit of these brain cells eventually disrupts our breathing during sleep. There's no biological reason for the body to maintain these cells beyond the average lifespan, and so they do not replenish as we age," said Feldman. "As we lose them, we grow more prone to central sleep apnea." And weaker people may not be able to rouse themselves when this happens. They simply stop breathing. However, the Pasadena, Calif., researchers said they were not ready to claim they had found the so-called "grandmother cell" -- the single cell that recognizes one's own grandmother. Scientists have long argued about what happens in the brain when people recognize pictures, science journal Nature reported. Many have theorized it takes a host of cells to generate such recognition. Neurobiologist Jerome Lettvin coined the "grandmother cell" term to deride those who said it could take as little as a single brain cell to create recognition. However, California researchers say just one cell fired when eight people were shown repeated pictures of famous people such as Aniston, Berry and the former U.S. president. Devices were planted in the test subjects to monitor brain cell activity as part of a separate treatment for epilepsy. 　　　　　原文一；原文二。

关于：呼吸暂停		呼吸暂停造成睡眠中死亡华盛顿（路透社消息）－那些在睡眠中死去的人可能是因呼吸停止造成大量脑细胞损伤而致。呼吸暂停--患者在他们的睡眠中因长时间的呼吸停止的一种状况。这种状况有时可以造成脑干细胞的破坏，此区的脑细胞的主管呼吸功能。鼠试验证明：随衰老而造成的关键脑干细胞的损伤可导致这样的危害性睡眠，最终，动物能完全地停止呼吸。同样的事情也发生在老年人中间，在 Los Angeles的California大学中的神经生物学家 Jack Feldman 如是说。我们试图揭示其机制，它常影响65岁以上的老人。不同于阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（当呼吸道被阻塞时呼吸停止），中枢性睡眠暂停是由脑细胞发出的错误的信号所触。。。。。

呼吸暂停造成睡眠中死亡相关链接： sleep apnea		'Dying in sleep' linked to sleep apnea - study WASHINGTON (Reuters) - People who die in their sleep may stop breathing because they have lost too many brain cells, U.S. researchers reported on Monday. Sleep apnea -- a condition in which people stop breathing for long stretches of time in their sleep -- may sometimes be caused by the destruction of cells in the brain stem, where autonomic functions such as breathing are controlled, they said. Tests on rats showed that the loss of key brain stem cells that die off with age caused such disrupted sleep that the animals eventually stopped breathing completely. The same thing may be happening in elderly people, said neurobiologist Jack Feldman of the University of California Los Angeles. "We wanted to reveal the mechanism behind central sleep apnea, which most commonly affects people after age 65," Feldman said in a statement. "Unlike obstructive sleep apnea, in which a person stops breathing when their airway collapses, central sleep apnea is triggered by something going awry in the brain's breathing center." Writing in this week's issue of Nature Neuroscience, Feldman and colleagues said they deliberately killed brain cells in the pre-Boetzinger complex of the brains of rats -- a region believed to be the "command post" for breathing in mammals. Then they monitored the rats' breathing. "We were surprised to see that breathing completely stopped when the rat entered REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, forcing the rat to wake up in order to start breathing again," said Leanne McKay, who worked on the study. "Over time, the breathing lapses increased in severity, spreading into non-REM sleep and eventually occurring when the rats were awake, as well." Feldman believes the same thing could be happening in elderly people, especially those with degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, which are marked by disturbed sleep. "Our research suggests that the pre-Boetzinger complex contains a fixed number of neurons that we lose as we age," Feldman said. "We speculate that our brains can compensate for up to a 60 percent loss of pre-Boetzinger cells, but the cumulative deficit of these brain cells eventually disrupts our breathing during sleep. There's no biological reason for the body to maintain these cells beyond the average lifespan, and so they do not replenish as we age," said Feldman. "As we lose them, we grow more prone to central sleep apnea." And weaker people may not be able to rouse themselves when this happens. They simply stop breathing. However, the Pasadena, Calif., researchers said they were not ready to claim they had found the so-called "grandmother cell" -- the single cell that recognizes one's own grandmother. Scientists have long argued about what happens in the brain when people recognize pictures, science journal Nature reported. Many have theorized it takes a host of cells to generate such recognition. Neurobiologist Jerome Lettvin coined the "grandmother cell" term to deride those who said it could take as little as a single brain cell to create recognition. However, California researchers say just one cell fired when eight people were shown repeated pictures of famous people such as Aniston, Berry and the former U.S. president. Devices were planted in the test subjects to monitor brain cell activity as part of a separate treatment for epilepsy. 　　　　　原文一；原文二。